An overview of telemedicine in Turkey

This study focuses on telemedicine in Turkey by the use of the Internet, where the potential for telemedicine of Turkey, telemedicine initiatives conducted in Turkey until now are examined first. The types of applications that the Internet can support in consumer health, clinical care, financial and administrative transactions, public health, health professional education in Turkey are investigated next. Finally, a discussion on the technical, legal and bureaucratic obstacles for realizing telemedicine in Turkey over the Internet and suggestions on how to overcome these obstacles are presented. © 2013 Trade Science Inc.-INDIA

An analytical model of IEEE 80211 DCF for multi-hop wireless networks and its application to goodput and energy analysis

Ankara : The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Sciences of Bilkent University, 2010.Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Bilkent University, 2010.Includes bibliographical references leaves 168-181.In this thesis, we present an analytical model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF in multihop networks that considers hidden terminals and works for a large range of traffic loads. A goodput model which considers rate reduction due to collisions, retransmissions and hidden terminals, and an energy model, which considers energy consumption due to collisions, retransmissions, exponential backoff and freezing mechanisms, and overhearing of nodes, are proposed and used to analyze the goodput and energy performance of various routing strategies in IEEE 802.11 DCF based multi-hop wireless networks. Moreover, an adaptive routing algorithm which determines the optimum routing strategy adaptively according to the network and traffic conditions is suggested. Viewed from goodput aspect the results are as follows: Under light traf- fic, arrival rate of packets is dominant, making any routing strategy equivalently optimum. Under moderate traffic, concurrent transmissions dominate and multihop transmissions become more advantageous. At heavy traffic, multi-hoppingbecomes unstable due to increased packet collisions and excessive traffic congestion, and direct transmission increases goodput. From a throughput aspect, it is shown that throughput is topology dependent rather than traffic load dependent, and multi-hopping is optimum for large networks whereas direct transmissions may increase the throughput for small networks. Viewed from energy aspect similar results are obtained: Under light traf- fic, energy spent during idle mode dominates in the energy model, making any routing strategy nearly optimum. Under moderate traffic, energy spent during idle and receive modes dominates and multi-hop transmissions become more advantageous as the optimum hop number varies with processing power consumed at intermediate nodes. At the very heavy traffic conditions, multi-hopping becomes unstable due to increased collisions and direct transmission becomes more energy-efficient.The choice of hop-count in routing strategy is observed to affect energyefficiency and goodput more for large and homogeneous networks where it is possible to use shorter hops each covering similar distances. The results indicate that a cross-layer routing approach, which takes energy expenditure due to MAC contentions into account and dynamically changes the routing strategy according to the network traffic load, can increase goodput by at least 18% and save energy by at least 21% in a realistic wireless network where the network traffic load changes in time. The goodput gain increases up to 222% and energy saving up to 68% for denser networks where multi-hopping with much shorter hops becomes possible.Aydoğdu, CananPh.D

Challenges of being a teacher in multigrade classrooms

Bu araştırmada birleştirilmiş sınıflarda öğretmen olmanın zorluklarını açığa çıkartmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunda, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Anadolu’da bir ilçede bulunan birleştirilmiş sınıflı okullarda görev yapmakta olan sekiz müdür yetkili öğretmen yer almıştır. Nitel araştırma türünde tasarlanan bu çalışmada fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama tekniği olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesi sonucunda katılımcıların birleştirilmiş sınıfta öğretmenlik yapmaya ilişkin yeterli deneyimlerinin olmaması ve çoklu rolleri dolayısıyla zorlandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu öğretmenler öğretim programını planlama ve uygulama, zamanı yönetme, materyale erişme ve kullanma, ölçme-değerlendirme konularında çeşitli problemler yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılar, resmi makamlardan gelen yazılı isteklere cevap vermek ile ilgili sıkıntılar yaşadıklarını, okul binalarının yapısal sorunlarını çözmek amacıyla kaynak ve destek bulmak için çabaladıklarını, iş yükü nedeniyle baş ağrısı ve ses yorgunluğu gibi fiziksel sorunların yanı sıra çaresizlik, karamsarlık, mahcubiyet gibi olumsuz duygular hissettiklerini bu yüzden motivasyon düşüşü, meslekten uzaklaşma, kendilerini yetersiz hissetme gibi sorunlar yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde öğretmenler, velilerin teknoloji kullanımında yetersiz kaldıklarını ve çocuğu ev ortamında eğitim-öğretime hazır hale getiremediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin, öğrenci grupları ile ayrı ayrı ders yapmak zorunda kalması onlarla etkileşim sürelerini sınırlandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, aday öğretmenler için birleştirilmiş sınıflara özgü sınıf yönetimi, zaman kullanımı, materyal geliştirme, ölçme-değerlendirme, yönetim gibi görev ve sorumluluklar açısından zengin deneyimler kazandırılması; birleştirilmiş sınıfta görev yapan öğretmenler için ortak sorunlar ve bilgi paylaşımına olanak sağlayacak iletişim ağlarının oluşturulması şeklinde öneriler sunulmuştur.This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to investigate the difficulties of being a teacher in multigrade classrooms. In the study group, there were 8 teachers working as an authorized principal in schools with multigrade classrooms in a district of Anatolia in the 2021-2022 academic year. In this study, semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Findings showed that the participants did not have sufficient experience of teaching in the multigrade classroom and had difficulties due to their multiple roles. These teachers stated that they had various problems in planning and implementing the curriculum, managing time, accessing and using materials, measuring and evaluating. The participants stated that they had difficulties in responding to written requests from official authorities, they struggled to find resources and support to solve the structural problems of school buildings, they felt negative emotions such as helplessness, pessimism, and embarrassment, as well as physical problems such as headaches and vocal fatigue due to workloads. Therefore, participants stated that they experienced problems such as decreased motivation, alienation from the profession, and feeling inadequate. In the distance education process, the teachers stated that the parents were insufficient in the use of technology and that they could not make the child ready for education in the home. In addition, the fact that teachers had to teach separately with student groups limited their interaction time with them. In this context, it has been suggested that teacher candidates should be provided with rich experiences in terms of tasks and responsibilities such as classroom management, time use, material development, measurement-evaluation, management specific to multigrade classrooms, and that communication networks should be created for teachers working in multigrade classrooms that will allow sharing of common problems and information

Role of anatomical sites and correlated risk factors on the survival of orthodontic miniscrew implants:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the failure rates of miniscrews related to their specific insertion site and explore the insertion site dependent risk factors contributing to their failure. Search methods An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Knowledge, Scopus, MEDLINE and PubMed up to October 2017. A comprehensive manual search was also performed. Eligibility criteria Randomised clinical trials and prospective non-randomised studies, reporting a minimum of 20 inserted miniscrews in a specific insertion site and reporting the miniscrews’ failure rate in that insertion site, were included. Data collection and analysis Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Studies were sub-grouped according to the insertion site, and the failure rates for every individual insertion site were analysed using a random-effects model with corresponding 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analyses were performed in order to test the robustness of the reported results. Results Overall, 61 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Palatal sites had failure rates of 1.3% (95% CI 0.3–6), 4.8% (95% CI 1.6–13.4) and 5.5% (95% CI 2.8–10.7) for the midpalatal, paramedian and parapalatal insertion sites, respectively. The failure rates for the maxillary buccal sites were 9.2% (95% CI 7.4–11.4), 9.7% (95% CI 5.1–17.6) and 16.4% (95% CI 4.9–42.5) for the interradicular miniscrews inserted between maxillary first molars and second premolars and between maxillary canines and lateral incisors, and those inserted in the zygomatic buttress respectively. The failure rates for the mandibular buccal insertion sites were 13.5% (95% CI 7.3–23.6) and 9.9% (95% CI 4.9–19.1) for the interradicular miniscrews inserted between mandibular first molars and second premolars and between mandibular canines and first premolars, respectively. The risk of failure increased when the miniscrews contacted the roots, with a risk ratio of 8.7 (95% CI 5.1–14.7). Conclusions Orthodontic miniscrew implants provide acceptable success rates that vary among the explored insertion sites. Very low to low quality of evidence suggests that miniscrews inserted in midpalatal locations have a failure rate of 1.3% and those inserted in the zygomatic buttress have a failure rate of 16.4%. Moderate quality of evidence indicates that root contact significantly contributes to the failure of interradicular miniscrews placed between the first molars and second premolars. Results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological drawbacks in some of the included studies

An overview of telemedicine in Turkey

This study focuses on telemedicine in Turkey by the use of the Internet, where the potential for telemedicine of Turkey, telemedicine initiatives conducted in Turkey until now are examined first. The types of applications that the Internet can support in consumer health, clinical care, financial and administrative transactions, public health, health professional education in Turkey are investigated next. Finally, a discussion on the technical, legal and bureaucratic obstacles for realizing telemedicine in Turkey over the Internet and suggestions on how to overcome these obstacles are presented. © 2013 Trade Science Inc.-INDIA

Joint effect of data rate and routing strategy on energy-efficiency of IEEE 802.11 DCF based multi-hop wireless networks under hidden terminal existence

We investigate the joint effect of data rate and routing strategy on energy-efficiency of multi-hop wireless networks incorporating a comprehensive behavior of the IEEE 802.11 DCF under the presence of hidden terminals. Two basic routing strategies, direct transmission versus multi-hop routing, are considered over a large range of traffic loads. The goal of this study is to layout guidelines for a cross-layer energy-efficient rate adaptation algorithm, which takes medium access control and network layer dynamics into account together with the hidden terminal effect. Our results show that, for the low-power wireless IEEE 802.11g standard considered in this article, the highest data rate consumes the least power in multi-hop wireless networks when hidden terminals mostly constitute the reason of collisions. In case of channel impairments, adapting the rate jointly with the routing strategy can save the energy consumed per bit by up to 250% under moderate traffic loads and much more under heavy traffic loads. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Preventing goodput collapse for multi-hop routing in IEEE 802.11 based ad-hoc networks by adjusting residual hop count

25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2017; Antalya; Turkey; 15 May 2017 through 18 May 2017Nesnelerin interneti (IoT) vizyonu ile gelecekte kablosuz ağların büyümesi, yoğunlaşması ve taşınan trafiğin artması beklenmektedir. Kablosuz ağlarda bugün alışkın olduğumuz tek sekmeli haberleşme yerine çok-sekmeli haberleşme de kullanılabilir. Çok-sekmeli haberleşmenin, büyük ve yoğun kablosuz ağlar için ortalama trafik yükü altında daha iyi ulaştırılan iş performansı sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ağır trafik yükleri altında paket düşüşünün artması ile ulaştırılan iş çöküşünün yaşanması en büyük sorundur. Bu sorunun nedenlerinden biri, çok-sekmeli haberleşmede tek-sekmeli haberleşmeye kıyasla karşılaştığımız gizli terminal sorunudur. Bu çalışmada, Kalan Sekme Sayılarına (KSS) göre paketlere öncelik verilmesi ve değişen kapışma penceresi büyüklüğüne ilişkin iki yöntem önerilmiş ve ulaştırılan iş performansı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda ulaştırılan iş performansının ağır trafik yükleri altında önemli ölçüde artması sağlanmıştır.With the vision of the internet of things (IoT), it is expected that wireless networks will grow, concentrate and traffic carried will increase in the future. In wireless networks, multi-hop communication can be used instead of single-hop communication that we are accustomed today. Multi-hop communication is known to provide enhanced goodput performance for large and dense wireless networks under moderate traffic load. Nevertheless, the major problem is the goodput collapse experienced under high traffic load due to packet losses. One of the reasons of this problem in multi-hop communication is the emergence of a hidden terminal problem that we are not encountering in single-hop communication. In this study, two methods, prioritizing frames and varying contention window size according to the Residual Hop Count (RHC), are proposed and goodput performance is investigated through simulations. As a result of the studies, the goodput performance has been increased significantly under high traffic load

Effects of legume flours on batter rheology and cake physical quality

Legumes are good sources of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fibers and minerals. Therefore, legume flours can be a good choice to obtain functional foods. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of legume flours (lentil, chickpea and pea) on rheological properties of cake batter and quality of legume cakes. Wheat flour was replaced partially (20 and 30%) by lentil, chickpea and pea flour to develop legume cake formulations. As quality parameters, weight loss, specific volume, hardness and color were investigated. Rheological characteristics of batters were modeled by Power law. Chickpea and pea flours with 30% concentration had the highest consistency index. Legume flour containing cakes had lower weight loss than control cakes which was related with legume flour's strong water binding capacity. Correlated with rheological properties, cakes containing 30% pea flour displayed the smallest specific volume and the largest hardness value. The other legume cakes were not significantly different from control cakes in terms of specific volume and hardness